Elijah & Ravens Pearlware Staffordshire Figure Pedestal "Patriotic Group" ~1815

Elijah & Ravens Pearlware Staffordshire Figure Pedestal

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Location: Weston, Massachusetts
Ships to: US,
Item: 226118762506

All returns accepted:ReturnsNotAccepted
Origin:Staffordshire
Antique:Yes
Year Manufactured:1815
Item Length:Approximately 5 Inches
Vintage:No
Original/Licensed Reproduction:Original
Item Height:Approximately 9 1/4 Inches
Style:Late Georgian c. 1815
Features:Ravens Bringing Manna & Very Vibrant Colors
Production Style:Molded Pearlware Painted Overglaze
Finish:Paint Over Glaze
Item Width:Approximately 5 Inches
Handmade:Yes
Pattern:Biblical: Elijah in the Wilderness Fed by Ravens
Signed:No
Color:Red,White,Blue,Green,Yellow, Purple,Black,Brown
Material:Staffordshire Pearlware Painted Over Glaze
Subject:Biblical: Elijah in the Wilderness Fed by Ravens
Attribution to Staffordshire «Patriotic Group»:Attribution to Staffordshire «Patriotic Group»
Type:Pearlware Figurine
Era:Late Georgian (1790-1820)
Packaging:No Original
Press Molded Pearlware Glazed & Enamelled:Press Molded Pearlware Glazed & Enamelled
Original/Reproduction:Antique Original
Theme:1 Kings 17:2-6 GOD Orders Ravens to Feed Elijah
Time Period Manufactured:1800-1849
Production Technique:Hand Pressed Molded Pearlware Glazed Painted
Backstamp:Unmarked
Country/Region of Manufacture:United Kingdom
Item Weight:Approximately 1 Pound
Product Line:Staffordshire Pearlware Biblical Figure

An authority on this subject has written, “Staffordshire Pottery Figures resonate with social history. They are folk art. They are naive. They were of the people and for the people.”Following Boettger’s 1709 discovery of the formula for porcelain, the King of Saxony established his Meissen factory, which almost immediately began to make beautiful figures in porcelain. In the British Isles, however, porcelain production lagged until mid-century when Bow, Worcester and Bristol began a modest output. These firms made a much smaller number of porcelain figures, reflecting metropolitan and international styles, which were carefully modeled and painted, but also cost a great deal. Staffordshire potters settled for the larger mass-market which could only afford cheaper earthenware figures. Within the total Staffordshire earthenware figure output during the period 1780-1900, it is estimated that over 200 were religious figures or had a Biblical theme. A popular Old Testament scene reproduced in Staffordshire earthenware was the story of Elijah in the Wilderness. This story was a favorite of evangelist, John Wesley (1703-1791) who rose to great prominence by the end of the century. In fact there were 18 Staffordshire versions of him and his brother from Victoria’s reign alone. The figure of “Elijah in the Wilderness Fed by Ravens” is inspired by an episode from the Old Testament described in 1 Kings, chapter 17, verses 1-6 and also in 1 Kings, chapter 19, verses 4 – 7. Elijah is fleeing from Jezebel who is determined to kill him. He went for a day’s journey into the desert and sat beneath a tree. Then the word of the Lord came to him, saying, “Get away from here and turn eastward, and hide by the Cherith Brook, which flows into the Jordan. And it will be that you shall drink from the brook, and I have commanded the ravens to feed you there.” To John Wesley, the essence of Elijah was that he brought his people back to God. This is what Elijah did (1 kings 17,18), this is what John the Baptist did, turning the people back to God, preparing the way of the Lord. Elijah could be thought of as the herald of the advent of the messiah – a prefiguration of the resurrected Christ. Wesley was trying to accomplish a similar mission in the “Great Awakening,” through his emotional and personal type of preaching: to bring people back to God in the face of the growth of secular rationalism. This c. 1815 Staffordshire pearlware press molded figure of Elijah (the height of the figure is approximately 6” on a 3” base), modeled in the round (not a flatback), is seated on a grassy knoll with 2 ravens, one holding Manna, an edible substance, in its beak, while the other looks down on another piece of Manna in Elijah’s left hand. It would have required multiple molds to make this fairly complex figure. This is an early example of a “bocage” figure (from the French meaning “pasture land”) that mimicked leafy tree forms encrusted with small florets that technically supported the figure from collapse in the kiln. The two branches of bocage emerging behind Elijah’s back are now lost. Elijah is sitting beside a representation of the “Cherith” Brook as related in the Bible. He is seated on a mound which itself is on a square platform or plinth base with stylized feet or mounts at each corner. The many vibrant colors on this figure differentiate it from the earlier Staffordshire “Pratt” pieces which only had simple underglaze colors. In this 1815 time period, the Staffordshire pot banks began to use a much more extensive palette, using a different process, mainly meticulously applying enamels on top of the glaze. The figure received its enamel decoration after glazing and was fired again at a lower temperature to set the enamel colors. Elijah and the Ravens are decorated with a bright and vivid, almost garish, eleven color paint scheme (purple, green, yellow, dark blue, light blue, yellow, pinkish-beige (skin tone), black, brown, white & mulberry). Ceramic scholars have long tried to identify, or catalogue, the anonymous Staffordshire pot banks which produced these marvelous figures. Ms. Pat Halfpenny, a noted English scholar and writer, has suggested that color palette and decorative style is an important identifier of specific makers. On these criteria, she has classified a particular group of figures as having similar color and design characteristics and has suggested that they were all made by the same maker whom she called the “Patriotic Group” pot bank (for their use of red, white and blue paint, especially on their bases). The question arises as to whether the decoration of this particular Elijah figure shows sufficient similarity to the style used exclusively by the “Patriotic Group” so that it can be identified as one of their products? To consider this question of identification, however, you need to compare this Elijah with an earlier identified Staffordshire piece made by the “Patriotic Group.” This is not an impossible task. I would suggest that you go to the website mystaffordshirefigures.com , find the entry for May 20, 2016 entitled, “Pearlware Persuasions,” and study the first piece described and pictured, the “Pearlware Persuasion Group,” which has earlier been identified as having been made by the “Patriotic Group.” Pay particular attention to the color palette, the brushwork and the technique displayed, particularly on the gentleman’s blue pants from the “Persuasion Group.” Then compare this treatment of the pants to that of Elijah’s one-piece blue garment – it appears to be a match. You could do the same type of comparison with the “mulberry” rings on the plant holder (to the outer side of the woman) with the very top of Elijah’s hat – again there appears to be a match for this rather unusual color. On the other hand, there are no red, white & blue lines adorning the purple base of the Elijah figure, as there are on many “Patriotic Group” figures, including the “Persuasion Group.” More work clearly needs to be done. This is a wonderful early Staffordshire figure, with defects for sure, but whose study will greatly repay the collector and whose presence on a table or side board will add beauty and really generate interest and conversation.

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